Teater musikal adalah bentuk teater yang menggabungkan lagu, dialog ucapan, akting, dan tarian. Konten emosionalnya – humor, pathos, cinta, kemarahan – serta ceritanya dikomunikasikan melalui kata-kata, musik, gerakan dan aspek teknis hiburan sebagai satu kesatuan utuh. Meski teater musikal juga mencakup bentuk teater lain seperti opera, hal ini dapat dibedakan dari kepentingan setara terhadap musik jika dibandingkan dengan dialog, gerakan, dan elemen lain karya tersebut. Sejak awal abad ke-20, karya pertunjukan teater musikal umumnya hanya disebut "musikal".
![image](https://www.wikiquery.id-id.nina.az/image/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2lraXF1ZXJ5LmlkLWlkLm5pbmEuYXovaW1hZ2UvYUhSMGNITTZMeTkxY0d4dllXUXVkMmxyYVcxbFpHbGhMbTl5Wnk5M2FXdHBjR1ZrYVdFdlkyOXRiVzl1Y3k5MGFIVnRZaTlqTDJNeUwwTnliMjlyWm1sdVlXeGxMbXB3Wnk4ek5UQndlQzFEY205dmEyWnBibUZzWlM1cWNHYz0uanBn.jpg)
Musikal dipertunjukkan di seluruh dunia. Musikal bisa diadakan di panggung besar, seperti produksi beranggaran besar teater West End dan Broadway di London dan New York City, atau di kecil, produksi Off-Broadway atau , tur, atau kelompok amatir di sekolah, teater dan ruang pertunjukan lain. Selain Britania dan Amerika Serikat, ada berbagai teater musikal di beberapa negara di Eropa, Amerika Latin, Australasia dan Asia.
Meski musik telah menjadi bagian dari penampilan dramatis sejak zaman-zaman kuno, teater musikal modern muncul pada abad ke-19, ditandai dengan karya-karya Gilbert and Sullivan di Britania dan di Amerika Serikat, diikuti berbagai komedi musikal Edward dan karya pengarang Amerika Serikat seperti George M. Cohan. Pada awal abad ke-20, musikal dan acara cerdas lain seperti adalah tahap artistik yang selangkah di depan revue dan hiburan-hiburan lain yang mendorong munculnya gebrakan baru seperti Show Boat dan Oklahoma!. Sejumlah musikal terkenal dan ikonik sepanjang beberapa dasawarsa meliputi , , , A Chorus Line, , , , dan .
Lihat pula
- Bentuk terkait
- Opera Cina
- Show tunes
- Yakshagana (bentuk seni India)
- Umum
Catatan kaki
- Morley 1987, p.15.
Referensi
- Allen, Robert C. (c1991). Horrible prettiness: burlesque and American culture. University of North Carolina. hlm. 350. ISBN .
- (2005). Oh Joy! Oh Rapture! The Enduring Phenomenon of Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Buelow, George J. (2004). A history of baroque music. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. hlm. 701. ISBN .
- Carter, Tim; Butt, John, ed. (2005). The Cambridge history of seventeenth-century music. The Cambridge History of Music. 1. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 591. ISBN . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-12. Diakses tanggal 2011-11-13.
- Everett, William A.; Laird, Paul R., ed. (2002). The Cambridge companion to the musical. Cambridge companions to music. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 310. ISBN .
- Flinn, Denny M. (c1997). Musical! : a grand tour : the rise, glory and fall of an American institution. New York: Schirmer Books. hlm. 556. ISBN .
- Gokulsing, K. Moti; Dissanayake, Wimal (2004) [1998]. Indian popular cinema : a narrative of cultural change (edisi ke-Revised and updated). Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham. hlm. 161. ISBN .
- Hoppin, Richard H., ed. (1978). Anthology of medieval music. Norton introduction to music history. New York, NY: Norton. hlm. 177. ISBN .
- Horn, Barbara Lee (1991). The age of Hair: evolution and impact of Broadway’s first rock musical. New York, NY: Greenwood Press. hlm. 166. ISBN .
- Jones, John B. (2003). Our Musicals, Ourselves. Hanover: University Press of New England. hlm. 411. ISBN .
- Lord, Suzanne (2003). Brinkman, David, ed. Music from the age of Shakespeare : a cultural history. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. hlm. 236. ISBN .
- Lubbock, Mark (2002) [1962]. "American musical theatre: an introduction". The Complete Book of Light Opera (edisi ke-1st). London: Putnam. hlm. 753–56.
- Morley, Sheridan (c1987). Spread a little happiness : the first hundred years of the British musical. London: Thames and Hudson. hlm. 224. ISBN .
- Parker, Roger, ed. (2001). The Oxford illustrated history of opera. Oxford illustrated histories (edisi ke-illustrated). Oxford University Press. hlm. 541. ISBN .
- Shakespeare, William (1998) [First published 1623]. Orgel, Stephen, ed. The tempest. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press. hlm. 248. ISBN .
- Wilmeth, Don B.; Miller, Tice L., ed. (1996). Cambridge guide to American theatre (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- Wollman, E. L. (2006). The Theater Will Rock: a History of the Rock Musical: From Hair to Hedwig. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN .
Bahan bacaan
- Bauch, Marc. The American Musical. Marburg, Germany: Tectum Verlag, 2003.
- Bauch, Marc. Themes and Topics of the American Musical after World War II. Marburg, Germany: Tectum Verlag, 2001.
- Bloom, Ken (2004-10-01). Broadway Musicals : The 101 Greatest Shows of All Time. New York, New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN .
- Botto, Louis (2002-09-01). Robert Viagas, ed. At This Theatre. Applause Books. ISBN .
- Ganzl, Kurt. The Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre (3 Volumes). New York: Schirmer Books, 2001.
- Kantor, Michael (2004). Broadway: the American musical. New York, New York: Bulfinch Press. ISBN .
- (1999). Beautiful Mornin': The Broadway Musical in the 1940s. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Stempel, Larry. Showtime: A History of the Broadway Musical Theater (W.W. Norton, 2010) 826 pages; comprehensive history since the mid-19th century.
- Traubner, Richard. Operetta: A Theatrical History. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983
Pranala luar
- Internet Broadway Database – Cast and production lists, song lists and award lists
- Guidetomusicaltheatre.com – synopses, cast lists, song lists, etc.
- Musicals 2013-07-26 di Wayback Machine. at the
- Castalbumdb – Musical Cast Album Database
- Early musical theatre site with links to midi files and other information 2006-07-17 di Wayback Machine.
- Playbill.com
- Aussietheatre.com Australia's leading musical theatre website
- "TIME Magazine" collection of Broadway's evolution 2011-11-11 di Wayback Machine.
- . Theatre & Performance. Victoria and Albert Museum. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-04-12. Diakses tanggal 2011-03-24.